Introduction To The Operating Environment of Various Electric Forklifts

According to the different power units, forklifts can be divided into two categories: internal combustion forklifts and electric forklifts. Electric forklift adopts electric drive, compared with internal combustion forklift, has the advantages of no pollution, easy operation, energy saving and high efficiency. With the development of economy and the improvement of environmental protection and energy saving requirements, electric forklifts have developed rapidly, and market sales have increased year by year. Especially in the port, storage and tobacco, food, textile and other industries, electric forklifts are gradually replacing internal combustion forklifts.

Electric forklift truck is divided into electric counterweight forklift truck, electric pallet forklift truck, electric pallet stacking forklift truck, forward forklift truck, universal forklift truck, four-way walking forklift truck, narrow channel forklift truck and other models, each model has a suitable operating object, operating conditions and use environment. Understanding the functional characteristics of each model is helpful for users to choose forklifts reasonably according to the characteristics of their goods and working sites.

1, the main function of the electric pallet forklift is to realize the movement of the pallet goods on the plane from point to point, so there is no door lifting system, suitable for paying attention to handling, no stacking places, there are three types of walking, standing, sitting, and the cost is different.

2, the electric pallet stacking forklift is a light indoor lifting stacking equipment, focusing on the stacking function, because of the light body, suitable for the handling of light and small materials in the floor warehouse or other narrow places.

3, the lifting mechanism of the forward forklift truck can move in the longitudinal front and rear of the forklift truck, and when the fork takes the goods, the center of gravity of the goods falls in the four fulcrum formed by the wheel. Therefore, the forward lift truck has better flexibility, high lifting safety and stability. Its load range is usually 1 to 2.5 tons, and the lifting height can reach 12 meters. However, due to the small wheel, limited accessibility, and because of the complex structure and high cost, it is suitable for places with narrow space and high lifting height requirements, and is mostly used for high-rise storage warehouses.

4, four-way forklift truck set forward forklift, side fork, counterweight forklift functions in one. In terms of structure, it is basically the same as the forward forklift truck, the door frame is located between the front and back wheels, there are two plug-in legs in the front of the forklift with an arm, the front end of the plug-in leg is equipped with a support wheel, and the fork can move with the door frame in the longitudinal front and back of the forklift truck. When the fork is unloaded, the fork is extended, and the fork is returned to the middle position close to the car body after the fork is unloaded, so the stability of the forklift is greatly improved. The difference with the forward forklift is that the two bearing wheels at the front end of the fork leg of the four-way electric forklift can turn 900 through the steering mechanism. When the rear wheel is turned 900, the whole forklift truck can be changed from the state of front and back driving to left and right driving, equivalent to the side fork, so it is suitable for the long material handling of the narrower channel, the minimum channel width can usually be within 2 meters, there is no turning radius. However, due to the complex structure, the cost is high.

5, the main feature of the three-way stacking truck is that the door lifting mechanism can be rotated in three directions, and the car body does not need to be rotated when stacking, only the fork or the door frame is rotated, so the width of the channel is greatly reduced. The current minimum passage is under 1.8 meters. But at the same time, the width of the channel also depends on the size of the tray.

6, the stability of the four-fulcrum electric forklift is better than that of the three-fulcrum electric forklift, but because of the structure can not achieve the original steering, so the turning radius is large, and the channel required for operation in the roadway is wider. In contrast, the three-fulcrum electric forklift can achieve 90° in-place steering, which is more lightweight and flexible for indoor operation. In fact, the main parameter reflecting forklift mobility is the minimum channel width of forklift right Angle stacking, that is, the minimum linear channel width required when the forklift makes a 90° turn on the linear channel between the cargo foot in order to pick up and stack the cargo. The channel requirements of the three-fulcrum electric forklift are greatly reduced, saving the storage space; When working in the warehouse, because the steering is flexible, the driver does not need to avoid the shelf with more energy, the operation is more labor-saving, and the labor intensity is reduced. In terms of stability, the three fulcrum is not as large as the stability reserve of the four fulcrum, but the two types of forklifts should carry out strict stability tests when leaving the factory. According to the relevant standards of forklift trucks in China, forklift trucks should carry out four kinds of stability tests on the tilting test bench, including: longitudinal stability of forklift trucks with full load stacking, longitudinal stability of forklift trucks with full load stacking, transverse stability of forklift trucks with full load stacking, and transverse stability of forklift trucks with no load driving. In the stability test of three-fulcrum forklift truck and four-fulcrum forklift truck, the tilting Angle stability and data requirements are exactly the same, so the use safety of three-fulcrum forklift truck can be guaranteed. From the procurement cost analysis, the three-fulcrum electric forklift is generally used in the indoor channel narrower places, so the design is small and compact, and the cost is high; At the same time, the three-fulcrum electric forklift 900 steering casting needs to use rotary bearings that can support the rotation of the rear wheel, so the vehicle cost is higher. Four fulcrum electric forklift because of the use of mature supporting, the cost is lower than three fulcrum forklift. Therefore, the price of the same tonnage three-fulcrum electric forklift is higher than that of the four-fulcrum electric forklift. With the development of economy. Land resources are becoming more and more expensive, the same tonnage of three fulcrum electric forklift truck than four fulcrum electric forklift truck saving nearly 30% of the storage space, coupled with the flexibility of the operation in the warehouse. The three fulcrum electric forklift has been widely used.

7, front wheel drive and rear wheel drive three fulcrum electric forklift use environment analysis According to the different drive forms, three fulcrum electric forklift is divided into front wheel drive and rear wheel drive. The front-wheel drive forklift truck is driven by two dual motors and has strong power. The driving principle of the three-fulcrum rear drive electric forklift is to use the lower load rear wheel as the driving wheel, so the required driving force is greatly reduced, generally 1.5 tons electric forklift uses a 4kw motor, the vehicle power is significantly reduced, and the price is lower than the front-wheel drive forklift. The advantages and disadvantages of the two driving forms of three-fulcrum electric forklift are compared as follows: front wheel drive power is strong, but the cost is high, and the use of electricity. The cost of daily use increases; The rear wheel drive makes use of the characteristics of forklift, energy saving and high efficiency, the forklift walking current is low, and the whole vehicle works in the safe range of low current. The reliability is greatly improved. Small tonnage rear wheel drive electric forklift has a high cost performance. However, its disadvantage is that the rear wheel is light, limited by adhesion, and can not play its driving performance when the road condition is not good, so it is not suitable for the operation requirements of muddy fields. To sum up, when users purchase forklifts. The appropriate structural form should be selected according to the requirements of the use environment. If the environment is a flat cement road, the weight of the cargo is less than 1.8 tons, then the choice of three-fulcrum rear drive electric forklift has a higher cost performance; If the use environment is indoor and outdoor work, the road condition is not good, the device takes into account the use of mobility and power adequacy, suitable for the use of front-wheel drive three-fulcrum electric forklift to increase power; If the weight of the cargo is more than 2 tons, and the channel is not limited, the four-fulcrum electric forklift can be considered.